Análise da adipocina quemerina e sua associação com a obesidade e fatores relacionados ao risco cardiovascular em crianças e adolescentes

Abstract

The high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors are a challenge to health systems, becoming more relevant acording as it have appeared at an earlier age. Inflammation has been recognized as an important link between CVD, obesity and associated comorbidities, with emphasis on the role of adipokines, such as chemerin, biologically active substances secreted by adipose tissue and contributing to endothelial dysfunction. In Brazil, there are no studies investigating such adipokine in the child and adolescent population, so the objectives of this study are to determine serum concentrations of chemerin in children and adolescents and to evaluate their relationship with risk factors for CVD. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was realized with primary school students in the city of Juiz de Fora / MG. The study was divided into two stages. In the first, an anthropometric, biochemical and clinical evaluation was performed, and in the second, a sub-sample was selected randomly in which the serum levels of the chemerin were analyzed. The participation of the students was voluntary, granted after the signing of the Term of Free and Informed Consent by those responsible and both stages were approved by the Ethics Committee in Research with Human Beings of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Statistical analyzes comprised the Student-T or Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests of Pearson. At the end, a logistic regression model was calculated. Data analysis was performed using software SPSS® version 21.0 and STATA® version 10.1, with a significance level of 5%. The study sample consisted of 236 youngs, with a mean age of 10.52 ± 2.05 years. Among the students, 57% presented eutrophy and the serum levels of chemerin showed a mean of 218.5 ± 111.35 ng / mL, being elevated in 14.4% of the sample. Adipokine concentrations were associated with waist circumference (WC), insulin and the HOMA-IR index. After logistic regression, only hyperinsulinemia continued to be associated with high concentrations of chemerin. Thus, it was concluded that even in a young population with no metabolic complications, insulin levels were shown to be associated with serum concentrations of chemerin, explaining its variation. It is known that hyperinsulinemia is one of the first steps in the development of diabetes mellitus, so is important a better understanding of the role of quemerin in the development of both insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for such changes.