Qualidade ambiental a partir do zoneamento de risco a ocorrência de escorregamentos na bacia do Córrego Matirumbide, Juiz de Fora/MG

Abstract

Nowadays in urbanized areas, it is possible to see that the perspective provided by the low quality of the environment is a reflection of a historical situation of unsustainability of cities at all levels of social participation. From this context, justifies the need to study environmental problems in these areas, through an analysis of environmental quality. Analyses such as these can identify the imbalance between society and natural resources, through the characterization of pressures generated by economic and human flows. We find that in Juiz de Fora / MG there are some areas in a state of imbalance. The study area of this research, Watershed of Matirumbide Stream, located on the east side of the city is characterized by the presence of significant urban density in areas of low slope and presence of woody vegetation cover, as well as being an area recognized by problems focused on inadequate occupation and recurrent cases of landslides, especially in periods of higher rainfall. Thus, through field visits, besides the use of secondary data, we prepared a series of coverages in a GIS environment that might represent the characteristic negative attributes of this basin: the low density of woody vegetation cover, lack of open spaces of buildings, high population density, low density of income and high risk to the occurrence of landslides. These coverages were overlaid according to analysis Environmental Quality methodology proposed by Nucci (1998), based on Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, so that it could reach the main goal. The insertion of the negative attribute represented by the occurrence of landslide risk, until then, had not been used in research on Environmental Quality. Thus, we sought its analysis by manipulation of mathematical modeling, through the probabilistic model SINMAP, which enabled the creation of this representation and information for the research plan. It was found that the Watershed of Matirumbide Stream is significantly urbanized, with low density of woody vegetation cover, plus a few free spaces of buildings. Also characterized the high population density related to the low density of income, mainly found in areas with higher instability occurrence of landslides, indicating these areas at high risk to the occurrence of these events. Urban regions which showed worse Environmental Quality were the regions Nossa Senhora Aparecida and Santa Rita, attended by up to five negative attributes; urban areas have shown that were the best Environmental Quality were Bairu and Vale dos Bandeirantes regions. It was concluded that the negative relationship between population density and density along with inadequate income occupancy in hillside areas (identified with high instability), showed the most adverse condition the quality of the environment.