Mapeamento de gênero no mercado de trabalho informal: uma análise entre as regiões metropolitanas e a cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG

Abstract

In the scenery of the female advancement in the occupational categories and positions in Brazilian work market, subscribed in the country‘s socioeconomic landscape with the expressive increase in the job expansion, the main question put by the survey is: how is the gender disposition in the informal work market? Aiming to satisfy this prerogative the thesis general objective is performing a gender mapping (Employee off the books, Self-Employed Worker, Worker Without Remuneration, Home Worker on- and off the books. The category ―on the books‖ was utilized to furnish comparative gender parameters in the formal and informal work markets) concerning to personal (race, age), educational, income attributes, participation in income complementation programs, contribution to private or social security and receiving from retirement or pension. These variables possibly are able to condition the paradoxical presence of the women in the work market in its continuities and changes. From the general evaluation of the gender behavior in the selected occupational categories, that resulted in the mapping of the informal work market, one intended to study, in a more detailed way, how men and women insertion happens in the informal work categories by means of the variables evaluation that condition the entry and the permanence of the same ones in the cited category. For such, some categories historically marked by precariousness and informality were demarked, that are: Travelling Salesmen, Catchers of solid recyclable and reused residues and Home Workers. In this context a geographic outline was done that delimited the city of Juiz de Fora as the base for the survey. The option occurred in virtue of the importance of the city as an economic center in the state of Estado de Minas Gerais and, besides, for permitting the application of a specific survey to reach one of the thesis objectives. The methodology was based in data analisys and in the application of statistic tests that resulted in the construction of charts, graphics, figures and maps. The survey took as a base the Metropolitan Regions that constitute the Monthly Employment Survey. Data from Demographic Census of the IBGE, PME, Datasus, Demographic and Socioeconomic Information (for several years) and from the survey applied in the city of Juiz de Fora were utilized (2012). As a result, relevant information was obtained that permitted the mapping of the Metropolitan Regions concerning to gender in the informal work market and to gender composition in the selected categories in the city of Juiz de Fora as well as of the variables that condition workers behavior in the cited occupational activities. In a general way, confirming the main hypothesis, it was observed that, although women present a larger percent than male group concerning schooling, they keep themselves in disadvantage in the income proceeding from the work. It was verified the disparities among the MR concerning men and women composition in the formal occupational categories, at the educational and income level, too.