Tem conversa de vizinha no meio da redação: uma investigação sobre a crônica e o processo criativo dos cronistas

Abstract

The research develops an investigation about the conditions of the creative work of authors of literary chronicles for regular media and tries to identify the narrative resources used by the chroniclers to keep tosuch conditions as text size restriction, deadline pressure and a more direct relation with the readers. This study discusses these features and their impact on the chroniclers, through testimonials of chronicler authors and the analysis of critics such as Afrânio Coutinho, Gustavo Corção, Alceu Amoroso Lima, Jorge de Sá e Julio Cortázar. Three paths followed by the chroniclers related to the shape and content are pointed out: the dialogue with the reader, the presence of the city as the subject and the author as a character. To analyze these narrative resources, the dissertation draws on theoretical texts and literary examples. Those regarding the dialogue with the reader, use references to the sociological criticism and reader-response criticism. Those regarding the presence of the city as the subject, examine texts from Charles Baudelaire, João Luiz Lafetá, Sérgio Paulo Rouanet. And those in which the chroniclers write about themselves, reflect using thoughts from Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdier, Roland Barthes are presented. Seeking to represent and discuss what these choices mean the following authors and their chronicles are studied: Machado de Assis, José de Alencar, Olavo Bilac, João do Rio, Rachel de Queiroz, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Rubem Braga, Paulo Mendes Campos, Clarice Lispector, Nélson Rodrigues, Vinicius de Moraes, Fernando Sabino, Antônio Maria, José Carlos Oliveira, Stanislaw Ponte Preta, Otto Lara Resende, Carlos Heitor Cony, João Ubaldo Ribeiro, Chico Buarque, Arnaldo Jabor, Arnaldo Bloch, Arthur Dapieve, José Miguel Wisnikand João Paulo Cuenca. To perform this analysis the research seeks also to understand the aspects of the development of the chronicle as a literary genre throughout its history, to discuss the role of the chronicle towards preserving the collective memory of a particular social group and to evaluate the relationship between literature and journalism, basing itself on theoretical references to Antonio Candido, Vanessa Pereira, Marlyse Meyer, DaviArriguciJr and Wellington Pereira (about the development of genre), Maurice Halbwachs and Pierre Nora (about the memory) and of writers and critics such as Candido and Barthes (about the relationship between journalism and literature).