Política e internet – uma trajetória da participação individual no contexto democrático

Abstract

The present study focuses on the context of the structuring on offering institutionalized political participation channels for citizens through digital mechanisms. The representation concept is brought into focus in the thematic axis of democracy through an analyse about participationist theory and deliberacionist theory, presented as possibilities to increase the representative democracy. The modalities of participation were framed from the perspective of the online performance and the deliberative democracy has expression, for the research, in Haberman‘s concept of the public sphere. It establishes a reflection about the network society concept and its implications in the formation of a public sphere in the virtualized space, in confluence with the prerogative of individual participation. Configures than, a sociotemporal framework of the offering of digital mechanisms aimed to online individual political participation in Brazil. Approaches, firstly, initiatives arising from entities and organizations of the civil sphere, with exemplification of to models: the Votenaweb website and the online component of the campaign by the Ficha Limpa law, led by Avaaz. When addressing specifically the interface between State and society within the institutionalized participation, the thesis of the conformation of the individual citizen and his role of featured in the proposals available by the government apparatus in the course in question. In light of this premise, it is analyzed the Dialoga Brazil platform. In order to amplify the approach, arises this object in perspective with another digital participation mechanism, also consolidated in a democratic system. Analyses therefore, the online petition system of the Assembly of the Republic of Portugal. In general, confirming the main hypothesis, it is concluded that the analyzed objects are inserted in the structure of an expansion path offering focused digital mechanisms for individual participation. It is noted that the two objects analyzed, considering its potential and its limits, contributes as increments of the participation in a representative democracy and promote a closer approach between civil society and government bodies, counting the petitioning online portuguese with a more systematic structure as a mechanism for participation, including in living function established for a longer period than the brazilian platform analyzed. In a contemporary relation established between Internet and politics focusing on institutionalized individual participation, it is made the reservation, from the approach of this research, that the new online arrangements should be established in line with other collective and organizational mechanisms, integrated in a systemic context, so they do not configure as isolated experiences.