Estimação estática de estados harmônicos em redes trifásicas de distribuição monitoradas por PMUs: uma abordagem considerando curvas diárias de carga

Abstract

This work presents a novel methodology for harmonic state estimation in electric power distribution networks, based on optimization problems formulation, in a static approach. It is assumed that synchronized phasor measurements are continuously obtained using a reduced number of PMUs (Phasor Measurement Units) strategically allocated into the system. Harmonic branch currents passing through the branches of the network are the state variables to be estimated in rectangular coordinates. Based on Kirchhoff’s laws, other electrical quantities are calculated, such as voltage phasors, active and reactive powers. An optimization problem is modelled for each harmonic order individually and for each time interval in which the algorithm is executed, with the objective of estimating harmonic states along the time, considering daily load curves. The objective function is determined based on the weighted least squares method, aiming to minimize the sum of the quadratic difference between measured and estimated values by the proposed method. For the buses which are not monitored by PMUs, active and reactive powers are considered as inequality constraints, with lower and upper limits defined by percentage factors, assuming uncertainties over daily load curves and harmonic components to be estimated in regular time intervals. The optimization problems are solved using the modified safety barrier interior point method, in which the optimal solution is provided with no constraints violation, by the introduction of a relaxation parameter which allows the upper and lower bounds of the constraints which reached their corresponding limits to be relaxed in such a way that the optimal solution is obtained. Three-phase electrical distribution test systems, with radial topology are used for the validation of the proposed methodology. Sensitivity analysis are considered in order to evaluate computational time, distributed generation, harmonic filter and parameters used by the proposed algorithm. Advantages of this work include limited number of PMUs to be installed, multiple harmonic sources identification, estimation of daily load curves and harmonic components along the time, with reduced estimation errors.