Um estudo sobre os desafios para a atuação docente na disciplina ciências do sexto ao nono ano do ensino fundamental

Abstract

The subject of Science emerged as a compulsory course in the Brazilian Basic Schooling at the 1930‟s, having as its perspective the connection with the knowledge of Biology, Physics and Chemistry fields since its beginning. However, since the creation of this course, few high educational have proposed to train teachers with the expected profile, in other words, to act at the elementary schooling, nowadays from the 6th to the 9th grade. Nevertheless it is noticed that this training has been carried out by graduation courses such as Biology, Physics and Chemistry of which the focus is the preparation for teaching at High School. Therefore, having in mind this situation, in this work we discuss the possible challenges for teachers who work with the Science subject. The data were obtained through surveys and semi-structured interviews with a group of teachers who work with this subject and were analyzed according to the referential of the Subject Analysis. As for the graduation courses of the individuals, we verified a predominance of a Biology schooling; we found out divergences between the conceptions about the Science teaching and the guidelines presented in official curriculum documents (PCN and CBC), reinforcing the division in Biology, Physics and Chemistry; we also verified difficulties on approaching Physics and Chemistry subjects beyond the pedagogical schooling limited to act with the Science subject. However, they presented conceptions about interdisciplinarity that, if on the one hand they are far away from the scientific field, on the other hand, they are consistent with the characteristics of the school field. Nevertheless such conceptions still have a lack of theoretical background. Thus, it was possible to characterize a framework with many challenges for the acting of the investigated individuals. So, we understand that to act in a proper way, according to the Science curriculum goals, considering the Brazilian official documents and to overcome the challenges faced by the teachers, it is necessary the implementation of more effective interdisciplinary teaching practices in courses which are responsible to graduate teachers who are going to work with Science Subject as well as investments on the creation of graduation courses which propitiate a specific schooling to work with the Science Subject from 6th to 9th grades.