Efeitos do treinamento resistido em indivíduos com doença renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Loss of muscle mass, common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD), results in reduced muscle strength (MS) and physical capacity (PC). Studies highlight the negative impact of this association on quality of life (QoL) and increase the risk for hospitalization, falls and mortality in this population. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of 3 months of high intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) on the MS, PC and QoL levels of patients with CKD. METHODS: Twenty-seven sedentary patients were divided into control group (CG) and training group (TG). The mean age was 55.5 ± 10.6 years; the time in HD: 50.0 (21.5 - 136.5) months; BMI: 25.5 ± 20.8 kg / m 2). The TG underwent 3 months of high-intensity PRT three times a week during the first hour of HD. To control intensity training was used Borg scale (15 to 17 - "heavy" and "very heavy"). Exercises were performed for the main muscular groups (dorsal, pectoral, deltoid, quadriceps, hamstrings, flexors, abdomen and flexors and extensors of elbow) using dumbbells and weighted ankle-cuffs. The handgrip test was performed to determine an MS, 30-s sit-to-stand (30STT) and a usual walking speed (UWS) to determine a PC. For the evaluation of QoL, the SF-36 questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: After 875 sessions of PRT, there was no intercurrence that implicated in the suspension of training or in the routine care of patients. The PRT was associated with an increase in MS (27.5 ± 11.9 vs 33.6 ± 11.5 kgf, p = 0.013), 30SST (12.4 ± 3.9 vs. 16.7 ± (P <0.001), UWS (1.10 ± 0.27 vs 1.24 ± 0.24 m / s, p <0.012) and all domains of QoL. In the GC was observed reductions of MS (29.5 ± 11.8 vs 27.9 ± 11.7 kgf) and UWS (1.05 ± 0.19 vs 0.93 ± 0.32 m / s) with maintenance in 30SST (11.4 ± 3.9 vs 12.4 ± 4.6) were observed. CONCLUSION: PRT, in patients with CKD in HD, effectively increased the MS, the PC, and the QoL. In addition, the training was safe and well tolerated by the patients and was not associated with clinical complications.