Processo saúde-doença: representações sociais de homens assistidos pelo Programa Saúde da Família

Abstract

The male population presents high morbidity and mortality rates when compared to the female population. The unfavorable statistics for men are a consequence of socio-cultural and institutional barriers. In this context, in order to contribute to the discussion of issues relating about health and illness in the male segment, this study aimed to: describe men's social representations about the health-illness process; and characterize the social representations of men attended by Primary Health Care Units, regarding the response to their health needs. The study was developed from the social approach to qualitative research, based on Social Representations Theory. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 51 users of the UAPS in São João del-Rei / MG. The thematic analysis method proposed by Bardin was selected. The following categories were constructed: Men forming representations about health; Men forming representations about illness; men's perception of primary health care; and Primary Health Care: motivations and disincentives for men to seek it. From the analysis of the categories listed, we discerned the need to consider men in their different contexts and realities, recognizing cultural and gender differences. Thus, we are providing them the means to adopt behaviors protective of health and less vulnerable to illness, and promoting a break with harmful macho culture and customs. The representations of these men show the need to develop programs and training for professionals to practice within the family health strategy, and to release the male population from socio-cultural constraints, so that men also make use of high-quality integrated primary health care actions and services.